Self-employment method
Advertising, Public Relations, and Related Services
199,163 people filed as a nonemployer business under this industry code in 2022 — no payroll, no employees, just them. These are gross receipts reported to the IRS, before any expense is taken out.
Median GROSS RECEIPTS for the year — money in, before rent, materials, fuel, insurance or tax. This is not take-home pay.
Share who grossed under $10,000 for the whole year — before expenses.
The middle half, in gross receipts. A quarter of filers took less than the lower figure.
Source: US Census Bureau, Nonemployer Statistics 2022 · view
How often it does not work out
Of the 199,163 people who filed under this code in 2022, 39.22% grossed under $10,000 for the entire year — before a single expense was deducted.
That is a floor, not an estimate. Census publishes GROSS RECEIPTS, not net income. Everyone inside that share earned less than the figure suggests once rent, materials, mileage, insurance and self-employment tax came out — and filers who grossed well above the threshold may still have netted nothing. The true share of people who earn nothing meaningful from this is higher than the number above, never lower.
Denominator: establishments_total = 199,163 · US Census Bureau, Nonemployer Statistics 2022 · view
Every filer, by what they grossed
The full receipts distribution as Census publishes it. The median above is interpolated inside whichever band contains the 50th percentile, so this table is what that figure is derived from.
| Gross receipts for the year | Filers | Share |
|---|---|---|
| Under $5,000 | 48,090 | 24.1% |
| $5,000 to $9,999 | 30,014 | 15.1% |
| $10,000 to $24,999 | 41,612 | 20.9% |
| $25,000 to $49,999 | 27,720 | 13.9% |
| $50,000 to $99,999 | 22,971 | 11.5% |
| $100,000 to $249,999 | 18,275 | 9.2% |
| $250,000 to $499,999 | 6,219 | 3.1% |
| $500,000 to $999,999 | 2,825 | 1.4% |
| $1,000,000 to $2,499,999 | 1,436 | 0.7% |
Who this suits
Median gross receipts of $17,742 put the typical filer somewhere between a serious side income and a failing attempt at a full-time one, and the receipts figure alone cannot tell you which.
With 199,163 filers, Advertising, Public Relations, and Related Services is a substantial informal workforce. Enough people do it that local pricing is set by the field rather than by you.
14.4% of filers grossed $100,000 or more, which is high for this dataset. A substantial share of this field is running an actual business rather than an occasional one.
Professional services are the classic solo business: low capital, high skill, and a ceiling set by how many hours you can sell. It suits people who can market as competently as they deliver.
There is no training requirement to file under this code — which is precisely why so many people appear in the bottom bands. Entry being free is not the same as the work being viable.
Who should not do this
The top quarter of Advertising, Public Relations, and Related Services earns 10.3x the bottom quarter — under $5,283 against over $54,213, a spread of $48,930. Distributions this stretched are usually two different jobs sharing one label, and any average across them means little.
The bottom quarter of Advertising, Public Relations, and Related Services earns under $5,283 — $44,737 below the $50,020 a typical American job pays. Entering at the bottom and waiting is a live risk here, not a theoretical one, and some people never leave that quarter.
Do not start this if you dislike selling. Skill is not the constraint in this sector — client acquisition is, and it never stops being.
Of 199,163 filers in 2022, 39.2% took under $10,000 across the whole year in gross receipts: 78,111 people. Whatever the working version of Advertising, Public Relations, and Related Services looks like, a third or more never reach it.
Read that as a floor, not an estimate. Census publishes gross receipts, not net income, so everyone inside that share earned less than $10,000 suggests once costs came out — and filers who grossed well above $10,000 may still have netted nothing.
What the spread tells you
A ratio of 10.3x between the quarters is the signature of a winner-take-most distribution. $17,742 is a real number about a real population, but nobody entering Advertising, Public Relations, and Related Services should plan around it.
In cash terms the middle half of Advertising, Public Relations, and Related Services runs $5,283 to $54,213 — $48,930 a year between the 25th and 75th percentiles, against a midpoint of $17,742.
Getting to $54,213, the 75th percentile, is worth $36,471 a year more than the $17,742 midpoint and $48,930 more than the $5,283 a quarter of Advertising, Public Relations, and Related Services settle for.
Per hour at a standard full-time year that is $8.52 at the midpoint for Advertising, Public Relations, and Related Services, $2.53 at the 25th percentile and $26.06 at the 75th, against $24.04 for the typical American job.
Counted straight off the return: 48,090 filers grossed under $5,000, 30,014 took $5,000 to $9,999, 41,612 took $10,000 to $24,999, 28,755 cleared $100,000 and 10,480 cleared $250,000.
What these figures are, and what they are not
Every figure above is GROSS RECEIPTS, before expenses — money that arrived before rent, materials, fuel, insurance and self-employment tax. The $17,742 midpoint for Advertising, Public Relations, and Related Services is not take-home pay and is not comparable to a $17,742 salary.
With no unpaid-hours or cost data for Advertising, Public Relations, and Related Services, the hourly figure is $17,742 over a 2,080-hour year — a unit conversion, not an adjustment.
How this is calculated · Self-employment failure rates · Look up something else